HTML, CSS and JavaScript

HTML is the skeleton: headings, paragraphs, images, forms. CSS is the clothes: colour, space, layout. JavaScript is the muscle: clicks, live search, fetching data without reloading.

You can learn HTML in an afternoon. CSS takes practice. JavaScript is a real programming language — start with variables, functions, and events.

Professionals still use all three. Frameworks sit on top of JavaScript; they do not replace it.